What Is Granite Component Material? Key Features of Granite Components

In precision manufacturing, aerospace, and metrology industries, the performance of foundational mechanical parts (e.g., machine worktables, bases, and guide rails) directly impacts equipment accuracy and operational stability. Granite components and marble components are both classified as natural stone precision tools, but granite components stand out for their superior hardness and durability—making them the preferred choice for high-load, high-frequency industrial applications. As a leading global supplier of precision stone components, ZHHIMG is committed to clarifying the material properties and core advantages of granite components, helping you select the optimal foundational solution for your precision equipment.

1. What Is the Material of Granite Components?

1.1 Core Material Requirements

• Hardness: Must meet a Shore hardness (Hs) of 70 or higher (equivalent to Mohs hardness 6-7). This ensures resistance to wear and deformation under long-term mechanical stress—far exceeding the hardness of cast iron (Hs 40-50) or ordinary marble (Hs 30-40).
• Structural Uniformity: The granite must have a dense, homogeneous mineral structure with no internal cracks, pores, or mineral inclusions larger than 0.5mm. This avoids local stress concentration during processing or use, which could lead to precision loss.
• Natural Aging: Raw granite undergoes at least 5 years of natural aging before processing. This process fully releases internal residual stresses, ensuring the finished component does not deform due to temperature changes or environmental humidity.

1.2 Processing Technology

1. Custom Cutting: Raw granite blocks are cut into rough blanks according to customer-provided 2D/3D drawings (supporting complex structures like holes, slots, and embedded steel sleeves).
2. Precision Grinding: CNC grinding machines (with an accuracy of ±0.001mm) are used to refine the surface, achieving a flatness error of ≤0.003mm/m for key surfaces.
3. Drilling & Slotting: High-precision diamond tools are employed for drilling (hole position accuracy ±0.01mm) and slotting, ensuring compatibility with mechanical assemblies (e.g., guide rails, bolts).
4. Surface Treatment: A food-grade, non-toxic sealant is applied to reduce water absorption (to ≤0.15%) and enhance corrosion resistance—without affecting the component’s non-magnetic properties.

2. Key Features of Granite Components: Why They Outperform Traditional Materials

2.1 Exceptional Precision & Stability

• Permanent Precision Retention: After natural aging and precision processing, granite components have no plastic deformation. Their dimensional accuracy (e.g., flatness, straightness) can be maintained for over 10 years under normal use—eliminating the need for frequent recalibration.
• Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient: Granite has a linear expansion coefficient of only 5.5×10⁻⁶/℃ (1/3 that of cast iron). This means minimal dimensional changes even in workshop environments with temperature fluctuations (e.g., 10-30℃), ensuring stable equipment operation.

2.2 Superior Mechanical Properties

• High Wear Resistance: The dense quartz and feldspar minerals in granite provide excellent wear resistance—5-10 times higher than cast iron. This is critical for components like machine tool guide rails, which endure repeated sliding friction.
• High Compressive Strength: With a compressive strength of 210-280MPa, granite components can withstand heavy loads (e.g., 500kg/m² for worktables) without deformation—ideal for supporting large precision machinery.

2.3 Safety & Maintenance Advantages

• Non-Magnetic & Non-Conductive: As a non-metallic material, granite does not generate magnetic fields or conduct electricity. This prevents interference with magnetic measuring tools (e.g., dial indicators) or sensitive electronic components, ensuring accurate workpiece detection.
• Rust-Free & Corrosion-Resistant: Unlike steel or cast iron, granite does not rust. It is also resistant to most industrial solvents (e.g., mineral oil, alcohol) and weak acids/alkalis—reducing maintenance costs and extending service life.
• Damage Resilience: If the working surface is accidentally scratched or impacted, it only forms small, shallow pits (no burrs or raised edges). This avoids damage to precision workpieces and does not compromise measurement accuracy—unlike metal surfaces, which can develop deformations that require regrinding.

2.4 Easy Maintenance

• Daily cleaning only needs a soft cloth dipped in neutral detergent (avoiding acidic/alkaline cleaners).
• No need for oiling, painting, or anti-rust treatments—saving time and labor for factory maintenance teams.

3. ZHHIMG’s Granite Component Solutions: Customized for Global Industries

• Machine Bases & Worktables: For CNC machining centers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and grinding machines.
• Guide Rails & Crossbeams: For linear motion systems, ensuring smooth, precise sliding.
• Columns & Supports: For heavy-duty equipment, providing stable load-bearing.

• Material Inspection: Each batch of granite is tested for hardness, density, and water absorption (with SGS certification).
• Precision Calibration: Laser interferometers are used to verify flatness, straightness, and parallelism—with a detailed calibration report provided.
• Customization Flexibility: Support for sizes from 500×300mm to 6000×3000mm, and special treatments like embedded steel sleeves (for bolt connections) or anti-vibration damping layers.

4. FAQ: Common Questions About Granite Components

Q1: Are granite components heavier than cast iron components?

Q2: Can granite components be used in outdoor or high-humidity environments?

Q3: How long does it take to produce custom granite components?